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Thread: Quiberon Bay.

  1. #51
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    Chevalier de Beauffremont.


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    Origins and family.

    Descendant of the House of Bauffremont, he was the son of Louis Benigne de Bauffremont, (1685-1755), marquis of Bauffremont, of Listenois, of Clairvaux, of Marnay, viscount of Marigny, lord of Mirebeau, knight of the Fleece of gold in 1711 and knight of Saint Louis in 1715. His mother is Hélène de Courtenay.


    Born in Paris on September 25, 1714, Joseph de Bauffremont was baptized there on the 26th in Saint-Sulpice parish. Third son of eight children and five boys, he was presented as a minority in the order of St. John of Jerusalem
    .

    Beginnings in the Navy.

    From a family of land officers, he joined the army in 1723 at age 9, as a lieutenant in the Bauffremont-dragons regiment of which his father is a colonel. The same year, he lost his maternal grandfather, the 83-year-old Prince de Courtenay. And, in 1730, his maternal uncle, Prince Charles-Roger de Courtenay (1671-1730), who had been naval officer in 1690-1691, during the war of the League of Augsburg.

    Influenced by this,the young Joseph also joined the King's Navy. Guard of the navy in Toulon April 29, 1731, at 16, he made several campaigns in this capacity. He made a first campaign from May 25 to November 1, 1731 on the ship L'Alcyon, commanded by the Marquis de Thomas de la Valette, in the squadron of Duguay-Trouin. This squadron was intended to protect French commerce.

    He carried out his second campaign at sea from 1 June to 30 October 1732 aboard the vessel Le Tigre, commanded by the Marquis d'Antin within a squadron of four vessels, placed under the orders of the bailiff of Vastan. The fleet sailed from Toulon to Genoa.Le Tigre waited two leagues from the city and intimidated the Senate of the Republic of Genoa so as to obtain the return of the price of a French vessel captured and burned by a shipowner of the city, because this ship was suspected of carry provisions to the rebels of Corsica.From Genoa, she set sail for Livorno, then, under the orders of the Marquis de Thomas de la Valette, she went first to Tunis, in the Greek archipelago, and went to Salonica. On his return, he left the port on December the 1st having requested a leave which was granted to him on the 5th.

    Promoted to Ensign of ship on February the 18th, 1733, he remained attached to the department of Toulon. He embarked upon his third campaign from June the 24th 1733 to March the 21st, 1734 on the ship L'Heureux, commanded by the Marquis d'Antin, which belonged to the squadron of four ships commanded by the Chevalier de Luynes, commanding the Conqueror, and sent into the Baltic Sea, under the orders of the Count of Luzerne, lieutenant-general of the naval armies at the beginning of the War of the Polish Succession.

    He distinguished himself, in 1742, in a fight of a galley against a corsair ship of Tunis. He commanded the vessel Le Palmier during the campaign led by the fleet of Dubois de La Motte to supply New France in May 1755. Following this action he was created squadron commander of the naval armies of France, in September of the same year.

    He was given the title "cousin of the King of France" with all his family, on December the 13th 1756, with confirmation on November the 1st 1762. He was created prince of the Holy Roman Empire, with the qualification of "cousin of the Emperor", by diploma imperial of June the 8th 1757, with permission for him to adopt the name and arms of Gorrevod. He was next created prince of Listenois on November the1st, 1762.

    Wing Commander during the Seven Years' War.

    During the Seven Years' War He commands Part of the Brest Fleet earmarked for Santo Domingo. On January the 30th, 1757, the squadron under his command captured the HMS Greenwich, 50 guns, commanded by Captain Robert Roddam, off Santo Domingo. Between March the 16th 1757 and May the 31st in the same year, Joseph de Bauffremont took five ships of the line and one frigate from St. Domingo to Louisbourg, thereby causing Lord Loudon's attempts during the Louisbourg Expedition to be delayed for a time. The English eventually took the place the following year, after the siege of Louisbourg, in 1758.

    On November the14th, 1759, a French fleet of twenty-one ships of the line, three frigates and two corvettes, left the harbor of Brest towards noon. This fleet was placed under the orders of Marshal Conflans, vice-admiral du Ponant. Within this fleet, Bauffremont commanded the white and blue squadrons. He flew his pennant on the Tonnant, with 80 guns and 800 crewmen. On the 20th of November, the French fleet met in Quiberon Bay, the British fleet of Admiral Hawke. The battle turned to the advantage of the Royal Navy and marked the worst setback suffered by the French Navy at sea during this conflict.

    The day after the defeat, the question of responsibilities was raised. Bauffremont, commander of the white and blue squadron, chose to leave the bay, to reach the open sea then Rochefort, In no particular fighting order, as if he had considered that the battle was already lost. It would have been possible, however, to spend the night in the area and resume the fight the next day. M. de Conflans accused him of having disobeyed orders. To this, Bauffremont had the good sense to reply that night having fallen, he could not have seen these orders; that his pilot advised to return to the open sea and that the first duty of a captain was to keep his ship for future fights. His argument was accepted, especially as the captains of other ships that left the scene of the fight gave the same answers. On the other hand, his lack of fighting spirit, as well as his deficiency in the direction of his squadron, were worth censure. For a few years, he did not get any further promotion.

    He was finally appointed lieutenant-general of the navies, in October 1764. In 1766, he was placed at the head of a naval division responsible for protecting trade to the Levant aboard his flagship Le Protecteur. His entry into Smyrna on September the 28th 1766 was commemorated by an anonymous painting, exhibited at the Museum of the Navy.

    He was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral of France on February the 10th 1777 and died in 1781.
    Last edited by Bligh; 06-27-2018 at 03:31.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

  2. #52
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    Captain Louis de Saint-André du Verger




    Nationality French
    Roles Naval Sailor
    Date of Birth1700 - Rochefort
    Last Known Service20.11.1715
    Date of Death20.11.1759

    Cause of Death Enemy Action

    Event History

    Date from Date to Event
    1.5.1741 Lieutenant de Vaisseau
    1.1.1745/46 Capitaine de Vaisseau
    1.1.1757 Chef d'escadre
    1759 20.11.1759 Le Formidable (80), Capitaine de Vaisseau and Commanding Officer
    20.11.1759 Commanded the French Rearguard at the Battle of Quiberon Bay


    Louis de Saint-André is the youngest son of a dead captain in service, just like the eldest of his two brothers.

    He entered the arms as a guard of the Navy on November the 20th, 1715. He became an artillery assistant on February the 13th, 1725 and second lieutenant of that same army on October the 1st, 1731 and lieutenant of artillery on July the1st, 1735.

    He became a lieutenant on May the 1st, 1741 and was rewarded for his feats of bravery by the accession to the rank of knight of the royal and military order of Saint-Louis on January the 1st 1742. He was later appointed captain on January the 1st, 1746, general commissioner of artillery in 1754 and finally, chief of squadron on January the1st 1757.

    During the Battle of the Cardinals on November the 20th 1759 he was Commander of the Formidable. He was killed in action, his head being blown off. His brother Marc-Antoine, second in command of the Formidable, was also killed that same day, the body cut in two. He was one of the few general officers of the Navy of the Ancien Régime who died in combat.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

  3. #53
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    Captain Sébastien-François Bigot.

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    The vicomte de Morogues, (March 1, 1706 in Brest, France – August 26, 1781 in Villefallier, near Orléans, Loiret), was a French soldier, a sailor and military naval tactician.

    Early Life.

    Son of Jacques Bigot1, lord of the Motte, commissioner of the Navy, became steward of justice, police and finances in Brest in 1736, then councilor of State in 1747; and Marguerite Pimenel, daughter of an alderman.

    Career.

    Sébastien-François Bigot joined the Royal-Artillery regiment in 1723 and reached the rank of officer. He has thirteen years of service when he entered the Royal Navy as a sub-lieutenant of artillery in September 1736. He embarked on the Fleuron in 1737, he campaigned on the coasts of Africa.

    Lieutenant of artillery in April 1738, he embarked on the frigate La Driade for a cruise against the corsairs salétins then in 1739 on the vessel Le Bourbon on which it crosses in Baltic Sea and, in 1740, in the West Indies where it sank the April 13, 1741. He is on Le Lys en Manche in 1744. He inspects the batteries of the coasts in Brittany then orders in 1745 the Solebay in coastal escort cruise, and is promoted captain of artillery in January 1746. In 1751, he command The Mermaid in squadron evolutions in the Atlantic and is a good maneuverer.

    Shortly after, general commissioner of artillery in Brest in November 1752, he took care of the defense of the coasts of Brittany and proceeded to Rochefort to tests of new processes for the drilling of the guns.By letters patent, Louis XV recognized the usefulness of this initiative and created the Navy Academy by giving him a settlement. He becomes the first president.

    At the request of the Empress Maria Theresa, Bigot de Morogues commanded the Navy in Ostend in 1757-1758 before returning to Brest to head an expedition destined to land in Scotland, but the project was canceled and he receives the command of the Magnificent in the squadron of the vice-admiral of Conflans at Brest. On November 20, 1759, he commanded the ship Le Magnifique, 70 guns, in the rearguard of the French fleet during the fight of the Cardinals. For an hour he alone supported a fight against three English ships, and managed to regain the island of Aix. He was the inspirer of the ordinance of November 5, 1761 reorganizing the artillery. In 1763, he published his work Tactical Naval, which codifies with great clarity the methods of combat then in use in the European navies. The book was soon to be translated into English and Dutch, showing the quality of the ideas it expressed. Appointed squadron leader in the promotion of April 1, 1764, he obtained in November 1766 the recovery of apprentice-canonier companies and composed elements of maritime history illustrated by Nicolas Ozanne for the education of children in France. Inspector of artillery in 1767, lieutenant-general of the naval armies in August 1771, Morogues gave more evidence of his abilities, and was for a long time appointed mainly by public opinion to take the portfolio of minister of the Navy, when, as a result of intrigues of the court, he was forced to go into exile, he spent the rest of his life on his land. Married in 1743 to Marie Bodineau de Meslay, daughter of a lieutenant general of artillery, he bought the land of Morogues, in Berry, and was known since that time as being under the title of Viscount Morogues.

    He died at Château de Villefallier in the parish of Jouy-le-Potier, near Orleans, on August 26, 1781.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

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    Captain.François de Saint-Allouarn.





    François de Saint-Allouarn (François-Marie-Guénolé-Pantaléon of Alleno de Saint-Allouarn or Saint-Aloüarn),who died on November the 20th, 1759 off the Croisic, was a naval officer and aristocrat of the eighteenth century. he served during the Seven Years' War. Captain of Le Just, he waskilled during the battle of the Cardinals.

    Origins and family.

    Francois de Saint-Allouarn was the nephew of Marshal Coetlogon. His brother, Rosmadec de Saint-Allouarn, second captain of the Just2, also died during the Battle of the Cardinals on November the 20th, 1759. His son, Louis Aleno of Saint-Aloüarn, was a member of the Kerguelen expedition to the southern lands.

    Career.

    François de Saint-Allouarn enlisted himself as a marine guard on March the 13th, 1720. He became a lieutenant on May the 1st, 1741, then captain on April the 1st, 1748.

    On November the 14th, 1759, Le Just, under the orders of François de Saint-Alouarn, was part of the squadron of 21 ships and 5 frigates, commanded by Admiral Conflans,which left for Cornwall in an attempt to invade England. The French fleet was intercepted by Admiral Hawke's squadron on November the 20th. Le Just was then sailing, with two other ships, of the rear-guard of the fleet, led by the flagship, Le Royal Sun. Around 2 pm, the English vanguard, composed of a dozen ships, engaged in an action with the French rearguard, quickly overwhelming them by sheer numbers. le Royal Sun, having come back to support this rearguard, managed to defend Le Le Just. It being seriously damaged, and Captain Saint-Allouarn having been killed, whilst the ships rudder had been rendered partly out of use. However, the ship still manages to move offshore and to anchor in the shelter of the tip of Penchâteau, where makeshift repairs were undertaken.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

  5. #55
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    Captain Louis-Armand-Constantin Prince de Montbazon.



    Chevalier de Rohan and Prince de Montbazon, (6 April 1732 – 27 July 1794) was a French naval officer of the eighteenth century.


    Life.

    Louis-Armand-Constantin was the fifth of seven children of Hercule Mériadec, Duc de Montbazon and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan-Soubise, daughter of Hercule Mériadec, Prince de Rohan, head of the cadet branch of the House of Rohan. Louis-Armand-Constantin was a member of the senior branch of the House of Rohan, a powerful French family which claimed descent from the sovereign Dukes of Britanny, in right of which it held the rank of prince étranger at the French court.

    Rohan joined the French Navy and was the captain of Raisonnable at the Action of 29 April 1758, at which his ship was captured in the Bay of Biscay by HMS Dorsetshire during the Seven Years' War.

    In 1764, after the war, he was promoted to Chef d'escadre and in 1766 was appointed governor of Leeward Islands. In 1768 he was engaged in quelling a revolt by the French colonists in Saint-Domingue. In 1770 de Rohan was promoted to Navy Lieutenant General and the following year married Louise Rosalie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, daughter of François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil. He was an active Freemason.

    At the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Rohan was promoted to vice-admiral in the Levant Fleet, based at Toulon, but his actions at Saint-Domingue in 1768 and 1769 had attracted controversy and he was repeatedly refused colonial and command postings. Following the French Revolution of 1789, towards which he was openly hostile, he left the Navy, and in 1794, after refusing to prove his allegiance to the French Republic he was condemned by a Revolutionary Tribunal and executed in Paris by guillotine on 27 July.

    Wiki translation from the French.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

  6. #56
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    Paul Alexandre du Bois-Berthelot





    Nationality French
    Roles Naval Sailor
    Date of Birth23.2.1741
    Date of Death1.8.1812


    Event History

    Date from Date to Event
    1759 La Calypso (16), Lieutenant de Vaisseau and Commanding Officer
    20.11.1759 Battle of Quiberon Bay


    Paul Alexandre Bois-Berthelot, born February 23rd, 1741 in Canihuel and died August 1st, 1812 in Saint-Brieuc, was a French naval officer. He took part in the landing of the emigrants at Quiberon in June 1795. Exiled, he was allowed to return to France under the Consulate.

    The youth.

    This section is empty, insufficiently detailed or incomplete.


    The French Royal Navy.
    .
    In 1759, he commanded, as an instructor, the Corvette la Calypso, which was part of the squadron of 21 ships of Marshal Hubert de Brienne Conflans concentrated in Brest for a landing in England. On board, he participated in the Battle of the Cardinals on November 20, 1759.

    In the aftermath of the French defeat, the Calypso took refuge with 6 other ships, the Brilliant, the Robust, the Unyielding, the Glorious, the Awakened, the Dragon and the Sphinx, accompanied by two frigates - the Vestal and the Egret - and another corvette - the Black Prince - in the estuary of the Vilaine. Because of the lack of visibility, the Glorious and the Awakened are wrecked. The damage to L'Eveillé were without consequences,; the Inflexible, on the other hand, lost his foremast and bowsprit masts.

    It took more than two and a half years of effort for the two officers appointed by the Duke d'Aiguillon, Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac of Ternay and Charles Jean d'Hector, to get the ships out of the mouth of the Vilaine . In the night of January 6th to 7th, 1761, a strong mist being present and then in the middle of a violent storm, the Dragon and the Brilliant, under the command of Ternay and Hector, then the Vestal, the Egret and the Calypso manage to reach Brest or Rochefort; the frigate Vestale is captured on January 9th by the HMS Unicorn, while the Aigrette wins its confrontation against the Seahorse. The Calypso, now under the command of Desforges, reaches Brest but had to undergo a fight during his journey and his captain died on its arrival.

    Bois-Berthelot left the Royal Navy in 1776 with the rank of lieutenant and the cross of St. Louis.

    The revolution.

    He emigrated with his family to Jersey in 1792 and joined the army of Princes with his son Charles du Bois-Berthelot. He participated in the landing of the emigrants at Quiberon where he commanded a division of Chouans under the rank of Field Marshal. He took part in the battle of Auray in June 1795 and in Carnac the following July. Injured, he managed to reach England. He then became Georges Cadoudal's aide-de-camp.He received the authorization to return to live in France at the time of the Consulate.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

  7. #57
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    Pierre-Joseph Kergariou de Roscouet

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    Nationality French
    Roles Naval Sailor

    Event History

    Date from Date to Event
    1759 Prince Noir (6), Lieutenant de Frégate and Commanding Officer
    20.11.1759 Battle of Quiberon Bay

    The Marquis Pierre-Joseph Kergariou de Roscouet, born June 12, 1736, is a French naval officer. He took part in the landing of the emigrants at Quiberon in June 1795 and was shot on July 16 following.

    Biography.

    Pierre-Joseph Kergariou de Roscouet was born, at the castle of Coatilliau in Ploubezre, on June the 12th, 1736 son of Joseph de Kergariou (1700 - 1784) and Marguerite de Fages (died in 1744).

    He became a marine guard on July the 4th, 1754.
    On November the 20th, 1759, sign, Kergariou de Roscouet commanded the Black Prince - corvette carrying 6 guns - during the battle of the Cardinals. During this naval battle, his brother Thibaut-René Kergariou-Locmaria (1739 - 1795) embarked on the Orient.
    Kergariou de Roscouet, already a lieutenant since the18th of August 1767, became captain of the ship in March 1779. He was knighted on the 8th of July 1774 in Saint-Louis and knighted in Cincinnatus in 1789. In the meantime, he was promoted to captain of the company of the guards of the flag, on December the7th, 1783 and head of division on December the 16th, 1786.

    The two brothers were both shot for their participation in the expedition of immigrants to Quiberon in July 1795.

    A third brother, Raymond-Marie Kergariou de Coatles also joined the French Royal Navy. He became a lieutenant in October 1773. Captain of the Beautiful Hen, on board of which he died on July the 15th, 1780 off the island of Yeu, during the fight against the HMS Nonsuch that lead to the capture of the French ship.
    The Business of the commander-in-chief is first to bring an enemy fleet to battle on the most advantageous terms to himself, (I mean that of laying his ships close on board the enemy, as expeditiously as possible); and secondly to continue them there until the business is decided.

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