HMS Monarch (1765)
HMS Monarch was a 74-gun Ramillies Class third rate ship of the line,designed by Sir Thomas Slade. Ordered on the 22nd of November 1760, and built by M/shipwright Adam Hayes at Deptford Dockyard. She was launched on the 20th of July, 1765.
History. GREAT BRITAIN Name: HMS Monarch Ordered: 22 November 1760 Builder: Deptford Dockyard Launched: 20 July 1765 Fate: Broken up, 1813 General characteristics. Class and type: Ramillies-class ship of the line Tons burthen: 1612 bm Length: 168 ft 6 in (51.36 m) (gundeck) Beam: 46 ft 9 in (14.25 m) Depth of hold: 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) Propulsion: Sails Sail plan: Full rigged ship Armament:
- 74 guns:
- Gundeck: 28 × 32 pdrs
- Upper gundeck: 28 × 18 pdrs
- Quarterdeck: 14 × 9 pdrs
- Forecastle: 4 × 9 pdrs
Monarch was commissioned, after a small repair at Portsmouth, in the October of 1776, initially as a guardship there until the October of 1777. Following this she had a very active career, fighting in her first battle on the 27th of July, 1778 at the Battle of Ushant under Admiral Kepple and her second, captained by Adam Duncan, later First Viscount Duncan, under Admiral Rodney at Cape St. Vincent on the 16th of January, 1780. Monarch suffered 3 killed and 26 wounded.
In the May of 1780 she was coppered and refitted at Portsmouth.
She fought in the van of Graves' fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes, under Captain Francis Reynolds on the 5th of September 1781, and received no casualties in the battle.
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Jong(1807) - Zeegevecht (near Sint Eustatius Island, 1781)
In the February of 1781 was actively engaged at the Capture of Sint Eustatius, under Admiral Sir George Rodney, the Battle of Saint Kitts, also known as the Battle of Frigate Bay, which took place on the 25th and 26th of January,1782 during the American Revolutionary War between a British fleet under Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood and a larger French fleet under the Comte de Grasse. Next up was the Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, which was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place from the 9th to the 12th of April, of that year. Monarch still under Captain Francis Reynolds, serving with the British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica. Casualties for Monarch amounted to 16 killed and 33 wounded.
Between the August of 1787 and the January of 1790 Monarch underwent a great repair at Chatham.
She was fitted for Channel service in the July of that year under Captain Peter Rainier and paid off in the September of 1791. The next change was when she was recommissioned in the December of 1792 under Captain Sir James Wallace. Fitted as a Guardship in the January of 1793, she, however, sailed for the Leeward Islands. From the 5th of February to the 24th of March 1794, she took part in the attack on Martinique.
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The Capture of Fort Saint Louis, Martinique, 20 March 1794' painting by William Anderson
Wallace was appointed a Rear Admiral in the April following the surrender, and from that date Monarch came under Captain Frank Sotheron as Wallace’s Flagship.
In the April of 1795, she changed command to Captain John Elphinstone, as Flagship of Rear Admiral Sir George Elphinstone and sailed for the Cape of Good Hope. On arrival she was deployed as part of the small fleet under Admiral Elphinstone at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch East India Company at the Battle of Muizenberg. Major-General Sir James Henry Craig was supported by Craig's forces were supplemented with 1,000 sailors from Elphinstone's squadron redeployed on land under captains Temple Hardy and John William Spranger. Among this force were a number of American citizens who immediately deserted to the Dutch and were promised repatriation. At noon on 7 August, HMS America, HMS Stately, HMS Echo and HMS Rattlesnake opened fire on Dutch forward positions. Return fire from Dutch field guns killed two men on America and wounded three more, while Craig's troops were able to advance against the Dutch positions and seize them, with the Dutch defenders falling back in confusion. A second attack by soldiers of the 78th captured a rocky height nearby and a Dutch counterattack the following morning was driven off by Hardy's sailors and marines. The Dutch Governor finally capitulated on the 15th of September.
On the 17th of August 1796 Monarch aided in the capture of Lucas’s Squadron at Saldanha Bay.
She sailed for home and was refitted at Portsmouth, and from the August of 1797 came under the command of Captain Edward O’Brien as Vice Admiral Richard Onslow's flagship in the Lee coloumn at the Battle of Camperdown, on the 11th of October, 1797 where she lost 36 men killed and 100 wounded.
In the October of 1798 Monarch was in the North Sea under Captain Samuel Sutton, and from the May of 1799 under Captain Archibald Collingwood she served as the Flagship of Sir Archibald Dickson.
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HMS Monarch in the lead, forcing the Passage of the Sound, 30 March 1801, prior to the Battle of Copenhagen
On the 2nd of April,1801 she was part of Admiral Nelson's fleet at the Battle of Copenhagen, where her then captain, James Robert Mosse was killed as she suffered over 200 casualties including 55 dead, which was the highest number of casualties of any ship engaged in the battle.
Having made good her damage at Chatham,in the August of that same year she came under firstly Captain Thomas Peyton and then in November Captain Peter Puget.
After another refit in 1803 she came under Captain John Clarke Searle as the Flagship to Admiral Lord Keith in catamaran attempts on invasion craft berthed at Boulogne on the 1st of August, 1804.
Under Captain Richard Lee she took part in a boats attack on the Gironde on the 15th of July 1806 resulting in the capture of the 16 gun Le Cesar.
In Sir Sydney Smith’s squadron at Lisbon in the November of 1807, she helped escort the Portuguese royal family in its flight from Portugal to Brazil.
Fate.
In 1809 she took part in the Walcheren operations. After som further time in the North sea she was paid off in 1812.
Monarch was broken up at Chatham in the March of 1813.